2 December 19, 2023
Articles
1. Anastasia V. Zueva
The Image of the World Revolution in the Editorials of the Perm Newspaper “Krasny Ural” 1919–1920
Propaganda in the World and Local Conflicts. 2023. 10(2): 67-71.
Number of views: 44 Download in PDF
2. Anvar M. MamadalievPropaganda in the World and Local Conflicts. 2023. 10(2): 67-71.
Abstract:
During the Civil War, agitation among the population played a vital role in consolidating the Bolsheviks in power. Numerous posters, brochures, and newspapers published by the Bolsheviks introduced into the minds of their readers the image of a good and correct society associated with communism. Of no small importance in this campaign was the image of the World Revolution. Readers were instilled with the idea that it was not only a necessary stage for the construction of communism, but also that it had already begun and was expanding. This article, using the example of the editorials of the Perm newspaper “Krasny Ural”, examines typical images of the World Revolution, which were offered to the common man in order to strengthen his faith in the new government. Three main stages of mapping can be traced. At the first stage, until approximately August 1919, propaganda in the newly liberated city took first place in the current tasks. During this period, the emphasis is on the depiction of the internal enemy – the bourgeoisie and landowners, who plunged workers and peasants into the horrors of the civil war. The second stage, which lasted until 1920, paints a picture of a Revolution blazing throughout the world. The emphasis is on depicting uprisings and protests in various parts of the world. Finally, at the third stage, which began after the end of the civil war, materials devoted to peaceful labor and the successes of socialist construction began to appear.
During the Civil War, agitation among the population played a vital role in consolidating the Bolsheviks in power. Numerous posters, brochures, and newspapers published by the Bolsheviks introduced into the minds of their readers the image of a good and correct society associated with communism. Of no small importance in this campaign was the image of the World Revolution. Readers were instilled with the idea that it was not only a necessary stage for the construction of communism, but also that it had already begun and was expanding. This article, using the example of the editorials of the Perm newspaper “Krasny Ural”, examines typical images of the World Revolution, which were offered to the common man in order to strengthen his faith in the new government. Three main stages of mapping can be traced. At the first stage, until approximately August 1919, propaganda in the newly liberated city took first place in the current tasks. During this period, the emphasis is on the depiction of the internal enemy – the bourgeoisie and landowners, who plunged workers and peasants into the horrors of the civil war. The second stage, which lasted until 1920, paints a picture of a Revolution blazing throughout the world. The emphasis is on depicting uprisings and protests in various parts of the world. Finally, at the third stage, which began after the end of the civil war, materials devoted to peaceful labor and the successes of socialist construction began to appear.
Number of views: 44 Download in PDF
On the Effectiveness of Propaganda of the White and Red Movements in the Russian Civil War
Propaganda in the World and Local Conflicts. 2023. 10(2): 72-82.
Number of views: 57 Download in PDF
3. Vladimir B. KarataevPropaganda in the World and Local Conflicts. 2023. 10(2): 72-82.
Abstract:
The manuscript is devoted to the problems of the effectiveness of the White and Red movements in the Russian Civil War. The chronological framework of the study is the late 1910s – early 1920s. The source was the posters of the White Guards “Your relatives and friends are groaning under the yoke of the Bolshevik commissars...”, Here it is! The culprit of torture and death, the murderer of women and children!”, “As a sacrifice to the International”, "My son! Go and save the motherland!”, “Lavr Georgievich Kornilov”, “Why aren't you in the army?” and the posters of the Bolsheviks “Who is against the Soviets”, “The Tsar's regiments and the Red Army”, “Only commanders from the people will lead the Red Army”, “Have you signed up as a volunteer?”. There were used such methods of scientific research as historical-typological, historical-systemic, historical-genetic, as well as historiographic and synthesis methods. In the course of the work, it was concluded that the propaganda techniques expressed in the poster work of the White and Red movements were different. The “whites” appealed to conservative-minded segments of the population, focusing in propaganda on love of the motherland, monarchy and religion; the “reds” appealed to universal values such as freedom, equality, lack of exploitation, economic and industrial development, etc. The target audience for the propaganda of the White Movement was the educated part of the population, and the Red Movement had a fairly illiterate, poorest part of the population, which made up most of the inhabitants of Russia. The slogans of the Bolsheviks were understandable and interesting to the proletariat. In the end, the Bolshevik propaganda should be recognized as more effective, since it reached a wider audience. The Red Movement, with the help of propaganda and agitation, managed to attract the masses to its side, which predetermined its victory in the Civil War.
The manuscript is devoted to the problems of the effectiveness of the White and Red movements in the Russian Civil War. The chronological framework of the study is the late 1910s – early 1920s. The source was the posters of the White Guards “Your relatives and friends are groaning under the yoke of the Bolshevik commissars...”, Here it is! The culprit of torture and death, the murderer of women and children!”, “As a sacrifice to the International”, "My son! Go and save the motherland!”, “Lavr Georgievich Kornilov”, “Why aren't you in the army?” and the posters of the Bolsheviks “Who is against the Soviets”, “The Tsar's regiments and the Red Army”, “Only commanders from the people will lead the Red Army”, “Have you signed up as a volunteer?”. There were used such methods of scientific research as historical-typological, historical-systemic, historical-genetic, as well as historiographic and synthesis methods. In the course of the work, it was concluded that the propaganda techniques expressed in the poster work of the White and Red movements were different. The “whites” appealed to conservative-minded segments of the population, focusing in propaganda on love of the motherland, monarchy and religion; the “reds” appealed to universal values such as freedom, equality, lack of exploitation, economic and industrial development, etc. The target audience for the propaganda of the White Movement was the educated part of the population, and the Red Movement had a fairly illiterate, poorest part of the population, which made up most of the inhabitants of Russia. The slogans of the Bolsheviks were understandable and interesting to the proletariat. In the end, the Bolshevik propaganda should be recognized as more effective, since it reached a wider audience. The Red Movement, with the help of propaganda and agitation, managed to attract the masses to its side, which predetermined its victory in the Civil War.
Number of views: 57 Download in PDF
The Award Documents of a Civil War Propagandist as a Historical Source
Propaganda in the World and Local Conflicts. 2023. 10(2): 83-86.
Number of views: 41 Download in PDF
Propaganda in the World and Local Conflicts. 2023. 10(2): 83-86.
Abstract:
The work pays attention to the award documents of the staff propagandist of the Northern Region during the Civil War in Russia, Ensign V.A. Igelstrom. The attention is paid to his service both in the pre-war period and during the First World War and the Civil War. The materials for the study were the award documents of Ensign V.A. Igelstrom found in the Russian State Military Archive (Moscow, Russian Federation). The research methodology is based on the biographical method, since the award documents belong to a group of sources that have the properties to leave historical traces, due to the importance of the events that led to the awarding of the combatant (individual). The retrospective method is of secondary importance in the work, thanks to which the events are considered in chronological order. The author concludes that the award materials of Ensign V.A. Igelstrom are a valuable source for restoring the circumstances of his service both during the First and during the Civil War. Thanks to them, it was possible to restore his tenure in the rank of ensign and the circumstances of his service and awards during the Civil War. But the most remarkable thing about the service of Ensign V.A. Igelstrom was that he held a rare position in the war – the head of the propaganda department.
The work pays attention to the award documents of the staff propagandist of the Northern Region during the Civil War in Russia, Ensign V.A. Igelstrom. The attention is paid to his service both in the pre-war period and during the First World War and the Civil War. The materials for the study were the award documents of Ensign V.A. Igelstrom found in the Russian State Military Archive (Moscow, Russian Federation). The research methodology is based on the biographical method, since the award documents belong to a group of sources that have the properties to leave historical traces, due to the importance of the events that led to the awarding of the combatant (individual). The retrospective method is of secondary importance in the work, thanks to which the events are considered in chronological order. The author concludes that the award materials of Ensign V.A. Igelstrom are a valuable source for restoring the circumstances of his service both during the First and during the Civil War. Thanks to them, it was possible to restore his tenure in the rank of ensign and the circumstances of his service and awards during the Civil War. But the most remarkable thing about the service of Ensign V.A. Igelstrom was that he held a rare position in the war – the head of the propaganda department.
Number of views: 41 Download in PDF
Weapons of Propagandists
4. Roman W. Lapshin
Steamer “Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich” / “Anton Chekhov” / “Krasnaya Zvezda”
Propaganda in the World and Local Conflicts. 2023. 10(2): 87-94.
Number of views: 40 Download in PDF
5. Propaganda in the World and Local Conflicts. 2023. 10(2): 87-94.
Abstract:
The work reconstructs the biography of the steamship “Krasnaya Zvezda”, which became known as a propaganda steamer, on which in 1919worked N.K. Krupskaya and V.M. Molotov. Before the revolution, the ship bore the name “Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich”, and from April 1917 – “Anton Chekhov”. In the 1918 campaign, the ship was actively used in combat operations on the Volga, in July the ship was handed over to the Whites. The ship was captured again in the winter of 1918–1819, because of this the early history of the ship was practically not considered in Soviet historiography. After the propaganda voyages, the ship was transferred for passenger transportation, and was actively used for this purpose between Perm and Rybinsk. Having successfully survived the war, the ship was decommissioned, and in the 1960-80s. It was actively used as a recreation center near Sarapul. Since the history of the “Krasnaya Zvezda” after 1920 is also unremarkable, it is an ordinary passenger steamer, of which dozens operated on the Volga and Kama. Therefore, the second peak in the popularity of the vessel was associated with the decision to scrap it. However, due to objective reasons and the beginning of perestroika, the idea of museumifying the ship “Krasnaya Zvezda” was not continued.
The work reconstructs the biography of the steamship “Krasnaya Zvezda”, which became known as a propaganda steamer, on which in 1919worked N.K. Krupskaya and V.M. Molotov. Before the revolution, the ship bore the name “Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich”, and from April 1917 – “Anton Chekhov”. In the 1918 campaign, the ship was actively used in combat operations on the Volga, in July the ship was handed over to the Whites. The ship was captured again in the winter of 1918–1819, because of this the early history of the ship was practically not considered in Soviet historiography. After the propaganda voyages, the ship was transferred for passenger transportation, and was actively used for this purpose between Perm and Rybinsk. Having successfully survived the war, the ship was decommissioned, and in the 1960-80s. It was actively used as a recreation center near Sarapul. Since the history of the “Krasnaya Zvezda” after 1920 is also unremarkable, it is an ordinary passenger steamer, of which dozens operated on the Volga and Kama. Therefore, the second peak in the popularity of the vessel was associated with the decision to scrap it. However, due to objective reasons and the beginning of perestroika, the idea of museumifying the ship “Krasnaya Zvezda” was not continued.
Number of views: 40 Download in PDF